The cities in England.

Oliver Cromwell

European Countries and Capitals.

European countries

Flag	Nationality plates	Country	Capital	Languages	People
	A	Austria	Vienna	German	Austrian
	BY	Belarus	Minsk	Belarusian	Belarusian
	B	Belgium	Brussels	French/Dutch	Belgian
	BIH	Bosnia and Herzegovina	Sarajevo	Croatian, Serbian*	Bosnian
	BG	Bulgaria	Sofia	Bulgarian	Bulgarian
	HR	Croatia	Zagreb	Croatian*	Croat
	CZ	Czech Republic	Prague	Czech	Czech
	DK	Denmark	Copenhagen	Danish	Dane
	EST	Estonia	Tallinn	Estonian	Estonian
	FIN	Finland	Helsinki	Finnish	Finn
	F	France	Paris	French	Frenchman (-woman)
	D	Germany	Berlin	German	German
	GR	Greece	Athens	Greek	Greek
	H	Hungary	Budapest	Hungarian	Hungarian
	IS	Iceland	Reykjavik	Icelandic	Icelander
	IRL	Ireland	Dublin	Gaelic/English	Irish
	I	Italy	Rome	Italian	Italian
	LV	Latvia	Riga	Latvian	Latvian
	LT	Lithuania	Vilnius	Lithuanian	Lithuanian
	MC	Monaco	Monaco	French	Monacan, Monégasque
	NL	(the) Netherlands/ Holland	Amsterdam (official), The Hague (administrative capital)	Netherlands-Dutch	Netherlander, Dutchman
	N	Norway	Oslo	Norwegian	Norwegian
	PL	Poland	Warsaw	Polish	Pole
	P	Portugal	Lisbon	Portuguese	Portuguese
	RO	Romania	Bucarest	Romanian	Romanian
	RUS	Russia	Moscow	Russian*	Russian
	SK	Slovakia	Bratislava	Slovakian	Slovak
	SLO	Slovenia	Ljubljana	Slovenian	Slovenian
	E	Spain	Madrid	Spanish, Catalan, Basque and Galician	Spaniard, Catalan, Basque and Galician
	S	Sweden	Stockholm	Swedish	Swede
	CH	Switzerland	Bern	German/ French/ Italian	Swiss
	TR	Turkey (European part)	Ankara	Turkish	Turk
	UA	Ukraine	Kiev	Ukrainian	Ukrainian
	GB	United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland	London	English, Welsh, Scots Gaelic	Englishman/ Welshman/ Scotsman/ Irishman (or -woman)

Great Britain; a country of traditions.

Irregular words.

Малые Купчинские чтения 5-7 классы.

Малые Купчинские Чтения "Наука, творчество, поиск"

на базе ГБОУ Гимназии №295 Фрунзенского района

Санкт- Петербурга

Секция «Иностранные языки» (английский язык)

( учащиеся 5,6,7 классов  школ Фрунзенского района )

Дата проведения  03.12.13г.

ТЕМА: ПРОЕКТ-ЭКСКУРСИЯ

 «КУЛЬТУРА РОССИИ – ВЕЛИКОБРИТАНИИ»

Экскурсионные проекты - целесообразное изучение проблем, связанных с окружающей природой и общественной жизнью.

 
Презентация (защита) учебных проектов будет проводиться в виде:
 устной защиты проектов перед слушателями с мультимедийными презентациями и демонстрациями изделий, изобретений, продуктов (3-5мин)
Учебные проекты  могут быть персональные и групповые.


 
Перечень возможных выходов проектной деятельности (общей тематики):

• Учебная расширенная презентация определенной темы по предмету  (например:  «Исторический портрет: общественные деятели XIX века»),
• Конкретные предложения по улучшению какой-то ситуации (например: зеленый уголок в школе, краеведческий уголок в кабинете),
• Рекламный буклет (например:  для школьной Сладкой ярмарки),
• Туристический буклет (например: «Духовные «жемчужины» края),
• Сценарий телепередачи (например: «Животные из красной книги нашего края),
• Сценарий радиопередачи в школе (например: «Как питаться, чтобы быть умным и здоровым»),
• Сценарий занятия кружка по определенной малоизученной теме,
• Сценарий внеклассного мероприятия (например: «Портрет нашего поколения», телемост «Спортивные достижения городов побратимов»),
• Тематическая экскурсия в  школьном музее или по тур.объекту,
• Анализ данных социологического опроса с выводами,
•  Атлас, карта (например: «Экологическая тропа», «Карта наибольших загрязнений мест отдыха», «Карта туристических объектов города»,
• Видеофильм   (например: «Народные детские игры», «Наши таланты»),
• Тематическая выставка  (например, рисунков к Дню науки, рукоделия),
• Тематические газета, журнал,
• Проект действующей, будущей фирмы,
• Фантастический проект (например: «Город моей мечты», «Спортивная площадка нашего двора», «Школа моей мечты»),
• Игра (сценарий общешкольной игры, интеллектуального марафона и т.д.),
• WEB-сайт (школы, класса, группы, отдельного человека, фирмы, города).
• Коллекция (биологическая, нумизматическая, модных собственных изделий,  коллекция увлечений, технических изобретений, рисунков…),
• Костюм  (показ собственной линии или показ театрального костюма),
• Модель  изобретения, аппарата, математическая модель, компьютерная модель),
• Музыкальное или литературное  произведение (собственного сочинения),
• Мультимедийный продукт (например,  к интегрированному  уроку «Минералы в химии и географии»),
• Оформление кабинета (например, проект стендов),
• Постановка (спектакль, сценарий праздника),
• Прогноз  развития ситуации (например, экологической),
• Система школьного самоуправления (общественная модель, прогноз),
• Справочник (например, топонимике улиц города),
• Сравнительно-сопоставительный анализ (современных произведений, собственный перевод стихотворений и т.д.),
• Учебное пособие по определенной теме, циклу уроков (возможно электронное) в помощь учителю, в помощь учащимся,
• Дневник путешествий,
• Словарь  (по определенной теме),
• Главы из учебника будущего,
• Экологические программы мониторинга «……»  объекта,
• Сборник научно-фантастических сочинений

8 form Написание сочинения.

Разделите текст на смысловые абзацы в соответствии с предложенным в задании планом. 

В первом абзаце сформулируйте проблему, которую вы будете обсуждать, однако не повторяйте тему сочинения слово в слово. Представьте, что ваш читатель не знает, о чем пойдет речь, и попытайтесь объяснить ему проблему другими словами. 

Выделите положительные и отрицательные стороны проблемы, подумайте о разумных аргументах, в поддержку обеих точек зрения. Помните, что вы должны выразить не только свою точку зрения, но и противоположную. Также не забудьте объяснить, почему вы не согласны с другой точкой зрения. Старайтесь соблюдать баланс между абзацами. 

Используйте слова-связки, чтобы помочь читателю проследить за логикой ваших рассуждений. Помните, что вводные слова выделяются запятыми. В последнем абзаце сделайте обобщающий вывод по данной проблеме. Вы можете также окончательно сформулировать свое мнение или предложить пути решения данной проблемы. 

Объем сочинения должен составлять 200-250 слов. При этом артикль – это тоже слово, поэтому не слишком увлекайтесь с развитием идей, постарайтесь удержаться в заданных рамках.

 Клише для сочинений  

Выражения мнения: I agree/ disagree In my opinion, … / From my point of view, … / As far as I am concerned, … I believe that…/ It seems to me that… I am in favour of… / I am against the idea of… According to… Some people say that… It is said/believed that… There is no doubt that… It cannot be denied that… It goes without saying that… We must admit that…

 Представление аргументов: The main argument against/in favour is… First of all, I would like to consider… The first thing I would like to consider is… To begin with, …/ To start with, … Despite the fact that…/ In spite of the fact that… On the one hand, … /On the other hand, … Besides,…/ In addition,… What is more, …/ Moreover, …/ More than that, … Finally, … However, … / …, though …although… Nevertheless,…  

Логические связки: for this reason therefore/that is why thus sth happened because of/as a result of/owing to/due to/as a consequence of 

 Примеры: For example For instance Such as Like 

 Заключение: To sum up, … To conclude, I would argue that… On this basis, I can conclude that… In conclusion, I would like to stress that… All in all, I believe that… 

                         Единый язык для всей планеты. За и против 

 No doubt that learning languages takes up a lot of time. That is why some people think that it would be better to have only one language on our planet. But will it be really beneficial for mankind?

 In my opinion, the reduction of the number of languages is a disaster because it will totally destroy our great cultural heritage. With each loss of a language comes a loss of a culture, a loss of a way of life that deserves to be protected and treated as valuable. I also believe that leaving one language for communication will greatly reduce the linguistic diversity of our planet, which is the key to our survival. What is more, it will be rather difficult to choose which language to use and it may even lead to wars. 

Many people think that if we have only one language, communication will become easier and there will be no need to learn foreign languages. I cannot agree with them because knowledge of foreign languages makes a person educated and well rounded. You cannot broaden your mind if you see the world only from the perspective of your own culture. Besides, people are a lot more helpful if you speak their language.

 In conclusion, I would argue that we should try our best to preserve the linguistic diversity of our planet. I think that larger cultures should have a respect for minority languages, but first of all the younger generation must want to preserve their native language.

Единый язык для всей планеты. За и против No doubt that learning languages takes up a lot of time. That is why some people think that it would be better to have only one language on our planet. But will it be really beneficial for mankind? In my opinion, the reduction of the number of languages is a disaster because it will totally destroy our great cultural heritage. With each loss of a language comes a loss of a culture, a loss of a way of life that deserves to be protected and treated as valuable. I also believe that leaving one language for communication will greatly reduce the linguistic diversity of our planet, which is the key to our survival. What is more, it will be rather difficult to choose which language to use and it may even lead to wars. Many people think that if we have only one language, communication will become easier and there will be no need to learn foreign languages. I cannot agree with them because knowledge of foreign languages makes a person educated and well rounded. You cannot broaden your mind if you see the world only from the perspective of your own culture. Besides, people are a lot more helpful if you speak their language. In conclusion, I would argue that we should try our best to preserve the linguistic diversity of our planet. I think that larger cultures should have a respect for minority languages, but first of all the younger generation must want to preserve their native language. Источник: http://5-ege.ru/napisanie-sochineniya-po-anglijskomu-yazyku/

6 form Present Simple or Present Continuous?

http://www.englishlearner.com/tests/present_simple_continuous_quiz_1.shtml

Why do we learn English?

http://lingualeo.com/

Continuous Tenses

Present Simple

Present Simple is used:
• for permanent situations.
She works in an office.
• for repeated or habitual actions in
the present, especially with adverbs
of frequency.
He often buys her flowers.
• for general truths and laws of nature.
The Sun sets in the west.
• for timetables or programmes.
The lesson starts at 10 o'clock.

7 form The Climate.

1. Climate is the weather a certain place has over a long period of time.
2. Climate has a very important influence on plants, animals and humans.
3. It is different in different parts of the world.
4. Russia is the largest country in the world.
5. It lies on a huge territory.
6. Its climate in the north, south, east and west is different.
7. In the west the climate is usually mild and wet.
8. The coldest place on the planet is in the North of Siberia.
9. The south of Russia is hot with a lot of sunshine.
10. Summer and winter temperatures are very different.
11. The climate has recently changed a lot in our country.
12. Some scientists think the world is becoming hotter.
13. Winters have become warmer.
14. Many people think it is because of the greenhouse effect.
15. Sunlight gives us heat.
16. Some of the heat warms the atmosphere, and some of the heat goes back into space.
17. The earth has become much warmer because the heat can't go back into space.
18. That's why winter and summer temperatures in many places have become higher.
19. During the last 100 years people have produced a lot of carbon dioxide.
20. It works like glass in a greenhouse.
21. It lets heat get in, but it doesn't let much heat get out.
22. So the atmosphere becomes warmer.
23. People and animals breathe in oxygen, and breathe out carbon dioxide.
24. Trees take this gas from air, and produce oxygen.
25. But in the last years, people have cut down and burnt rainforests.
26. The climate changes a little from year to year.
27. These changes can be dangerous for our fragile planet.
28. Our planet needs protection.
29. We know many secrets of our planet.
30. Yet there is still much to learn.

7, 8 form Tenses

'I haven't seen Mark for weeks.' ' Well, I .....him this afternoon. Why don't you come along?'

meet

am meeting

have met 

 I ...... the floor for half an hour.

polished

will polish

have been polishing 

 'We'd better take a taxi to the station' ' Yes, the train..... in 15 minutes'

wiil have left

leaves

has left 

 'I ...... about buying a new car recently.' 'Really? What sort of car?'

thought

have thought

have been thinking 

 'Where is the newspaper?' 'I threw it away. I thought you.....reading it.'

have finished

had finished

finished 

 'I feel very tired.' 'How can you be tired? You .....a thing all day.'

haven't done

haven't been doing

aren't doing 

 'Cathy doesn't study enough.' 'I know. I'm afraid she.... her exam.'

won't be passing

won't pass

won't have passed 

 'There's someone here to see you.' 'Oh, that .... my sister. Send her in.'

was

will be

will have been 

 'Whose is this earring?' 'I don't know. I found it when I....the house.'

had cleaned

was cleaning

am cleaning 

 'I.... to reach Jane on the phone all day.' 'Don't you know? She's gone on holiday.'

tried

have tried

have been trying 

  'I want to visit Katie.' 'Well, don't visit her before five o'clock. She....'

is working

will have worked

will be working 

 'That.....like Dad's car.' 'It is. He must have finished work early.'

sounds

had sounded

has sounded 

  'Is that a new jumper?' 'No. I.....it from Laura yesterday.'

borrowed

had borrowed

have borrowed 

 '.....to the library today?' 'Yes. Would you like me to return your books?'

Will you have gone

Will you be going

Will you have been going 

        'How is your grandfather?' 'His condition.....day by day.'

is improving

improves

has improved

8 form Linking Words. Слова- связки.

Linking words help you to connect ideas and sentences, so that people can follow your ideas.

Giving examples

 

For example
For instance
Namely
The most common way of giving examples is by using for example or for instance.
Namely refers to something by name.
"There are two problems: namely, the expense and the time."

Adding information

And
In addition
As well as
Also
Too
Furthermore
Moreover
Apart from
In addition to
Besides
Ideas are often linked by and. In a list, you put a comma between each item, but not before and.
"We discussed training, education and the budget."
Also is used to add an extra idea or emphasis. "We also spoke about marketing."
You can use also with not only to give emphasis.
"We are concerned not only by the costs, but also by the competition."
We don't usually start a sentence with also. If you want to start a sentence with a phrase that means also, you can use In addition, or In addition to this…
As well as can be used at the beginning or the middle of a sentence.
"As well as the costs, we are concerned by the competition."
"We are interested in costs as well as the competition."
Too goes either at the end of the sentence, or after the subject and means as well.
"They were concerned too."
"I, too, was concerned."
Apart from and besides are often used to mean as well as, or in addition to.
"Apart from Rover, we are the largest sports car manufacturer."
"Besides Rover, we are the largest sports car manufacturer."
Moreover and furthermore add extra information to the point you are making.
"Marketing plans give us an idea of the potential market. Moreover, they tell us about the competition."

Summarising

In short
In brief
In summary
To summarise
In a nutshell
To conclude
In conclusion
We normally use these words at the beginning of the sentence to give a summary of what we have said or
written.

Sequencing ideas

The former, … the latter
Firstly, secondly, finally
The first point is
Lastly
The following
The former and the latter are useful when you want to refer to one of two points.
"Marketing and finance are both covered in the course. The former is studied in the first term and the latter is studied in the final term."
Firstly, … secondly, … finally (or lastly) are useful ways to list ideas.
It's rare to use "fourthly", or "fifthly". Instead, try the first point, the second point, the third point and so on.
The following is a good way of starting a list.
"The following people have been chosen to go on the training course: N Peters, C Jones and A Owen."

Giving a reason

Due to / due to the fact that
Owing to / owing to the fact that
Because
Because of
Since
As
Due to and owing to must be followed by a noun.
"Due to the rise in oil prices, the inflation rate rose by 1.25%."
"Owing to the demand, we are unable to supply all items within 2 weeks."
If you want to follow these words with a clause (a subject, verb and object), you must follow the words with the fact that.
"Due to the fact that oil prices have risen, the inflation rate has gone up by 1%25."
"Owing to the fact that the workers have gone on strike, the company has been unable to fulfill all its orders."
Because / because of
Because of is followed by a noun.
"Because of bad weather, the football match was postponed."
Because can be used at the beginning or in the middle of a sentence. For example, "Because it was raining, the match was postponed."
"We believe in incentive schemes, because we want our employees to be more productive."
Since / as
Since and as mean because.
"Since the company is expanding, we need to hire more staff."
As the company is expanding, we need to hire more staff."

Giving a result

Therefore
So
Consequently
This means that
As a result
Therefore, so, consequently and as a result are all used in a similar way.
"The company are expanding. Therefore / So / Consequently / As a result, they are taking on extra staff."
So is more informal.

Contrasting ideas

But
However
Although / even though
Despite / despite the fact that
In spite of / in spite of the fact that
Nevertheless
Nonetheless
While
Whereas
Unlike
In theory… in practice…
But is more informal than however. It is not normally used at the beginning of a sentence.
"He works hard, but he doesn't earn much."
"He works hard. However, he doesn't earn much."
Although, despite and in spite of introduce an idea of contrast. With these words, you must have two halves of a sentence.
"Although it was cold, she went out in shorts."
"In spite of the cold, she went out in shorts."
Despite and in spite of are used in the same way as due to and owing to. They must be followed by a noun. If you want to follow them with a noun and a verb, you must use the fact that.
"Despite the fact that the company was doing badly, they took on extra employees."
Nevertheless and nonetheless mean in spite of that or anyway.
"The sea was cold, but he went swimming nevertheless." (In spite of the fact that it was cold.)
"The company is doing well. Nonetheless, they aren't going to expand this year."
While, whereas and unlike are used to show how two things are different from each other.
"While my sister has blue eyes, mine are brown."
"Taxes have gone up, whereas social security contributions have gone down."
"Unlike in the UK, the USA has cheap petrol."
In theory… in practice… show an unexpected result.
"In theory, teachers should prepare for lessons, but in practice, they often don't have enough time."

8 form Tenses

Выбрать правильный ответ и перевести на русский язык.



1 ............................................. Frank in Toronto?
a) Did you meet b) Have you met c) Were you meeting

2 He had a break after he .....................................
for two hours.
a) was walking b) had been walking c) has walked

3 I ......................................... her for a long time.
a) know b) have known c) have been knowing.

4 We ............................ the windows and the car
on Saturday morning.
a) were cleaning b) cleaned c) have been cleaning

5 I ............................ in York for a week in 1998.
a) worked b) have been working c) have worked

6 I ......................... you in your office with a girl!
Really? We ...................................................... .
a) saw - 've just talked b) 've seen - just talked
c) saw - were just talking

7 form Present Perfect Continuous.